{"id":2257,"date":"2021-11-26T09:52:47","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T02:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/?p=2257"},"modified":"2024-02-27T16:41:16","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T09:41:16","slug":"tieu-chuan-he-thong-cap-thoat-nuoc-tcvn-45191988","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/tieu-chuan-he-thong-cap-thoat-nuoc-tcvn-45191988\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc TCVN 4519:1988"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 TCVN 4519:1988, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng <a href=\"https:\/\/bestray.com\/\"><strong>Bestray<\/strong><\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 qua b\u00e0i bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc TCVN 4519:1988, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi trong sinh ho\u1ea1t, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u1edf trong nh\u00e0, khu c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,7 daN\/cm2 v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1150C th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn h\u01a1i \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngo\u00e0i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f2i phun n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u00f2i x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988 c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 duy\u1ec7t khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t trong nh\u00e0. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng hay hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u00e0n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, giao cho b\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh trong nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh. G\u00e1 l\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy ph\u1ea1m an to\u00e0n trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khi thi c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh trong nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, b\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i giao cho b\u00ean thi c\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh khi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xong.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: Khu v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh khi:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng: Nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 5 t\u1ea7ng &#8211; t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u1edbn 5 t\u1ea7ng &#8211; 5 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5000 m3. G\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng, gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m,&#8230; ) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (n\u01a1i \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, tr\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec7t,&#8230;)<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc TCVN 4519:1988, nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 3 b\u1ed9 khi giao cho c\u01a1 quan x\u00e2y l\u1eafp bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh trong b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: Theo TCVN 4519:1988, trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i (m\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eabn, s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, m\u00f3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb,&#8230;)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, TCVN 4519:1988 c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng xuy\u00ean qua t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ecbt k\u00edn l\u1ed7 ch\u1eeba sau khi l\u1eafp xong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng van kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (\u00e1p k\u1ebf, van b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng,&#8230;)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ng\u0103n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n nh\u1eb9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u00e2m m\u00e1y b\u01a1m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn treo, g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a v\u00e0 \u0111ai gi\u1eef. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed1ng, kh\u00ed \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i nh\u00f4 l\u00ean cao m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, \u1ed1ng h\u00fat gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y qu\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 70 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0, TCVN 4519:1988 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 chung.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u00f9y theo ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft minh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thi c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi c\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ngay t\u1eeb khi kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc TCVN 4519:1988 c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 thi c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988 c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh trong nh\u00e0, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u00e0n th\u00f4 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng, v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n, t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1eeb nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o r\u00e3nh tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 m\u00e1ng thu n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eeba c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 trong m\u00f3ng, t\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u1ed1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gang \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1ch h\u1ea7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, g\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh nh\u1ecf.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng cao tr\u00ecnh, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng s\u01a1n kh\u00f3 phai b\u1ed5 sung tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng th\u00eam 500mm. Cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 13x50mm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 m\u00e9p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi cao tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1eadu c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u00e0n (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1t xong m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1t v\u1eefa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn, \u1ed1ng trong s\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u01b0\u1eddng bao v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp k\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng, ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng theo TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng, TCVN 4519:1988 c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb van kh\u00f3a, van b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, van \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p, v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, v\u1ebft h\u00e0n, v\u1ebft l\u00f5m\u2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng d\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, v\u1ebft l\u00f5m, r\u1ed7 kim. Ren ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng k\u1ebdm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ng k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng gang d\u1ebbo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u1ed1ng gang tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u00f5 nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng b\u00faa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng s\u00e0nh th\u1eadt k\u1ef9. \u1ed0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m s\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ng men th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1ng men.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng chi ti\u1ebft \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p theo TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo TCVN 4519:1988, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng chi ti\u1ebft \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ren.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft v\u00e1t m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t m\u0103ng s\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111ai h\u00e3m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ren ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh c\u00f4n. Ren tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e2n kh\u00eda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng c\u00f3 ren h\u00ecnh c\u00f4n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau theo th\u01b0\u1edbc ren \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch g\u1edd m\u00e9p b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u00e0n hay ti\u1ec7n ren, ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ren.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00f9ng s\u1ee3i flo hay s\u1ee3i \u0111ay t\u1ea9m b\u1ed9t ch\u00ec m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00f2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u gai nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi 105<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng s\u1ee3i ami\u0103ng b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i \u0111ay t\u1ea9m graphit, ho\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ea7u gai nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 105<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e1n k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a cung u\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng 1,5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed9 \u00f4van c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng gang theo TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theo TCVN 4519:1988, khi gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng gang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng so v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 khe n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i t\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 xi m\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (ch\u1ed1ng axit) ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ebfu mi\u1ec7ng loe c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m cao su d\u00f9ng cao su ch\u1ecbu axit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5 mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi gian 10 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafp trong khu v\u1ec7 sinh. Khi th\u1eed, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecbt k\u00edn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng (tr\u1eeb l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng). Sau khi th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng trong khu v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng theo TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng, TCVN 4519:1988 n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh,c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng trong th\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ki\u1ec7n hay th\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng nh\u00e0. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng van, kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111ai \u1ed1c, \u1ed1ng l\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1 treo,&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, tr\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m b\u01a1m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m, \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1n qu\u00e9t d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng k\u1ebdm. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t trong v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda, th\u00f9ng r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u1ed1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng gang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m hay \u0111\u00f3ng h\u00f2m khi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 trong x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o hay ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e1y b\u01a1m ly t\u00e2m tr\u00ean b\u1ec7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ef7 l\u1ef1c, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1eed 10 daN\/cm<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed 2 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. Trong khi th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean \u00e1p k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n l\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m d\u00e0y 1,5 mm. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cao su ami\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c cao su ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi 140<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988 n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8.1. \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, TCVN 4519:1988 n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 0,002 &#8211; 0,005. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u1ed1ng nh\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o l\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t van x\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. C\u00f2n khi hai \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t song song n\u1eb1m ngang th\u00ec \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0110\u1eb7t van kh\u00f3a, TCVN 4519:1988 n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed van \u0111\u00f3ng &#8211; m\u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. Van ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 20mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong h\u1ed1 van c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady. Tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m ngang v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f2i l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 van h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cao h\u01a1n 200mm so v\u1edbi v\u00e0nh ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Van h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng chung cho ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ch\u1eadu t\u1eafm c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.100mm, C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi van h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n d\u00f9ng cho v\u00f2i hoa sen ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 800mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f2i hoa sen t\u1eafm n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 2.100 \u0111\u1ebfn 2150mm. Van h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n d\u00f9ng cho v\u00f2i hoa sen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.200mm tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng t\u1eafm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00f2i c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1.350mm. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5c ngang v\u00f2i c\u1ee9u ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ee7 khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f2i c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa c\u00f9ng c\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 150mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8.2. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ed7 ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 100mm. C\u1ea7n l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t c\u00fat tho\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 400mm t\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec7ng x\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u1eb1m ngang c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadp ph\u1eb3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m ngang c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 cao h\u01a1n 0,7m so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t nh\u00f4. Ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i nh\u00f4 cao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u00e0 m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng ch\u00f3p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i chung v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eaft ngang.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1ed7 x\u1ea3 r\u1eeda c\u00f3 n\u00fat \u0111\u1eady cao l\u00ean ngang ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t s\u00e0n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng treo d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n, t\u00f9y theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gian ph\u00f2ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eeda hi\u1ec7u, qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, nh\u00e0 \u0103n c\u0103ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e8n k\u00edn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 g\u1eb7p nhau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1eeda ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ed7 th\u0103m trong gi\u1ebfng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 sao cho m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ed7 th\u0103m ngang v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y gi\u1ebfng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ede ngang m\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 th\u0103m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khi \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7t k\u00edn.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u1ed7 x\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c gang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i gai t\u1ea9m matit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (trong t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m,kho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, kho than,&#8230;).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ec5u thu n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t k\u00edn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1eafp s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh theo TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9.1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng TCVN 4519:1988\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u1ed1ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y h\u01a1n 0,002. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn h\u01a1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y h\u01a1n 0,006 v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng 5mm &#8211; 10mm cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn. \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m ngang khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 500m. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 150mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111i song song trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 32mm &#8211; 80mm. Sai s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 5mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c n\u00fat co gi\u00e3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0i, cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat co gi\u00e3n, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 30m. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00fat co gi\u00e3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ngo\u1eb7t c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1m.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat co gi\u00e3n, neo \u1ed1ng ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng n\u00fat co gi\u00e3n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef S, ch\u1eef U ho\u1eb7c n\u00fat co gi\u00e3n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1n \u1ed1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m n\u00fat co gi\u00e3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 20mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9.2 L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u1edf tr\u00ean hay \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean s\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc khi \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 treo b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p g\u00f3c ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 100mm ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ki\u1ec3u congxon v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng m\u00e1c cao.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi gh\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u00f3ng lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 300mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c neo \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c n\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3i \u0111un \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3i \u0111un kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 600mm. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t sao cho thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3i \u0111un. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u1eeda qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u1eb7n trong n\u1ed3i \u0111un.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ed0ng kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i \u0111un ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y c\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111ai.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9.3 L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra TCVN 4519:1988\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c van m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngang t\u00f9y theo k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t xi\u00ean m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c 45<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tu\u1ef3 theo kh\u00f4ng gian cho ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a van 3 chi\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m ngang.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c k\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t van 3 chi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1n \u1ed1ng cong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c van ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba d\u00f9ng cho n\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng sao cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 0,2 daN\/cm<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c van ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ngay tr\u00ean n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed7 \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c van ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn gi\u1eefa n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 kho\u00e1 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9.4 Th\u1eed v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu theo <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCVN 4519:1988<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1eed v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng TCVN 4519:1988<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7m thu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ef7 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed n\u00e9n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ea3y ra van sau \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1edbi tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Sai s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1eed v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a TCVN 4519:1988<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc toilet v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i khi nghi\u1ec7m thu. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7m thu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khi l\u1ea5p k\u00edn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t trong n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng 1, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed thu\u1ef7 l\u1ef1c. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c trong tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ec5u thu n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a trong nh\u00e0, th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed l\u00e0 10 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 theo m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khi th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Th\u1eed v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu tr\u1ea1m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng TCVN 4519:1988<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, xem x\u00e9t b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00e1t l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 h\u1ebft.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng th\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c van kh\u00f3a, n\u1eafp c\u1eeda th\u0103m, c\u00e1c van ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung quan trong c\u00f3 trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc TCVN 4519:1988. TCVN 4519:1988 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t sau khi thi c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, khu chung c\u01b0, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p,.. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Bestray \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm mua c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong th\u1ed1ng <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bestray.com\/cable-management\/mang-cap\/\">m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p<\/a><\/strong>. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thang c\u00e1p, m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p, khay c\u00e1p,.. v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 \u00edch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o Website <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bestray.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/bestray.com\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, xin vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5197\" src=\"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Thang-Mang-Cap-Bestray-Chat-Luong-Cao-\u2013-Giai-Phap-Bao-Ve-An-Toan-Cho-He-Thong-Dien-1.gif\" alt=\"thang m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>C\u00f4ng Ty C\u1ed5 Ph\u1ea7n Bestray &#8211; Chuy\u00ean S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Thang M\u00e1ng C\u00e1p (Cable Tray, <\/strong><strong>Cable <\/strong><strong>Trunking)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: 180\/7b, \u1ea5p T\u00e2n Th\u1edbi 3, x\u00e3 T\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p, huy\u1ec7n H\u00f3c M\u00f4n, TPHCM<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u0110i\u1ec7n Tho\u1ea1i: (028) 3713 3076 &#8211; 078 453 1668 &#8211; 0909 089 678<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">E-mail: sales@bestray<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TCVN 4519:1988 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 TCVN 4519:1988, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Bestray t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 qua b\u00e0i bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9. 1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a TCVN 4519:1988 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3157,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[269],"class_list":{"0":"post-2257","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-xay-dung","8":"tag-tcvn"},"lang":"vi","translations":{"vi":2257},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2257"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5403,"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2257\/revisions\/5403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}