{"id":2265,"date":"2021-11-30T16:07:08","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T09:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/?p=2265"},"modified":"2024-02-27T16:36:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T09:36:53","slug":"mat-bang-xay-dung-tcvn-4516-1988","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestray.com\/blog\/mat-bang-xay-dung-tcvn-4516-1988\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng TCVN 4516:1988"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong>, vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng khu \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh. V\u1eady n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a TCVN 4516:1988 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Bestray t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

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  • TCVN 4516:1988 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng khu \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, tu\u00e2n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a TCVN 4516:1988 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bao g\u1ed3m: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i, h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, c\u00e2y xanh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ea5t pha c\u00e1t, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u1ec9, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tro x\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • C\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u d\u1ec5 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sau khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo TCVN 4516:1988 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span>\n
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    • \u0110\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u00b1 5 cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u00b1 20%.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u00b1 10%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Khe h\u1edf cho ph\u00e9p khi ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc 3m gi\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n l\u00e0 1,5cm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m, x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng atphan, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 0,5cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5cm v\u00e0 10cm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • C\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo quy ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 thi c\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng atphan, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1a theo TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong> n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

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      • Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo TCVN 4516:1988 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khu \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e2y xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng theo TCVN 4516:1988 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00ean t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean khu \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bao g\u1ed3m: ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u0169, ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y, di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u2026).<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Theo TCVN 4516:1988, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng thi c\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m san, l\u1ea5p m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0: b\u00e3i, x\u01b0\u1edfng, kho, \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i,\u2026 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m c\u00e2y xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eeba l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,5 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u00e1n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u qu\u00e1 30cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • C\u1ea7n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u00e0 \u1edf\u2026 ) hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hai t\u1ea7ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f2n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n cao th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1ea7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7m thu m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng theo TCVN 4516:1988 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:<\/span>\n
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        • San ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o sau khi ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1ea7m theo \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m c\u00e2y xanh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong khu v\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c san, l\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean TCVN 4516:1988\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong> c\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/span><\/p>\n

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          • Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e2n b\u00e3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong khu nh\u00e0, v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong TCVN 4516:1988.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Theo TCVN 4516:1988, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 s\u00e2n b\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7y l\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, s\u00e2n b\u00e3i trong khu nh\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 thi c\u00f4ng xong m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 2,5cm – 12cm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1edbp trung gian c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. V\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 2cm – 4cm, t\u1eeb 1cm – 2cm v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 0,5cm – 1cm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • L\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a. B\u00f3 v\u1ec9a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo TCVN 4516:1988 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span>\n
              \n
            • Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 x\u00e2y g\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebdo, \u0111\u00e1 x\u1ebb.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u00e1 b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a b\u1eb1ng v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
              • Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00f3 b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 0,9. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1cm. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng m\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 50.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3.1 M\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • Theo TCVN 4516:1988, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp x\u1ec9 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ec9 than (\u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15cm. Ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3 x\u1ec9 l\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t (30 l\u00edt\/m3 x\u1ec9 r\u1eddi).<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng lu \u0111\u1ec3 lu nh\u1eb9 b\u00e1nh nh\u1eb5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i khu lu l\u00e8n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi lu l\u00e8n b\u1eb1ng lu n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc (60 l\u00edt\/m3 x\u1ec9 r\u1eddi). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 ng\u00e0y (2,5 l\u00edt\/m3) x\u1ec9 r\u1eddi khi \u0111\u00e3 lu l\u00e8n xong m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  3.2 M\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • M\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7m ch\u1eb7t c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,95.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p theo TCVN 4516:1988 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 4,5m. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m khe co, gi\u00e3n. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khe co c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a 6m, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khe gi\u00e3n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 36m.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Khi \u0111\u1ed5 xong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngay trong 4 gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong th\u1eddi gian 2 tu\u1ea7n, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1t \u1ea9m c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y 10cm. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n theo <\/span>TCVN 4453:87<\/span><\/i> v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean TCVN 4516:1988, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m khe co, gi\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y c\u1eaft b\u00ea t\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Khe co, gi\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u00bc.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c khe co, gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y khe. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 80% bi-tum v\u00e0 v\u00e0 20% c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7y. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khe, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1eeb 160 \u0111\u1ed9 C – 180 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t; k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, s\u00e2n b\u00e3i v\u00e0 v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7m ch\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 1 – 2%. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eb7t xong ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m kh\u00edt v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eanh khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed9 cao gi\u1eefa m\u00e9p hai t\u1ea5m c\u1ea1nh nhau ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 5 mm. D\u1ef1a theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n v\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    4. H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o theo TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h2>\n

                    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong> n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo TCVN 4516:1988 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:<\/span>\n
                        \n
                      • H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ra v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y xanh l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c gieo h\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 50cm. <\/span>Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i d\u00e3y tr\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 20cm.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          \n
                        • Ngay sau khi ch\u00f4n c\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i r\u00e0o h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n ch\u00e2n c\u1ecdc th\u00ec s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u00e0o sau 2 tu\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u1ecdc g\u1ed7 theo TCVN 4516:1988 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 14cm, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2,3m. Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ecdc ch\u00f4n trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t bi-tum.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • C\u1ecdc b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f4n h\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 30cm, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m ch\u1eb7t t\u1eebng l\u1edbp m\u1ed9t. \u1ee4 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafp \u1edf ch\u00e2n c\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 5cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n ch\u00e2n c\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          4.1 H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o d\u00e2y th\u00e9p theo TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          • D\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o d\u00e2y th\u00e9p. C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y n\u00ean song song v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch nhau t\u1ed1i \u0111a 25cm v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 20cm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng d\u00e2y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • C\u0103ng d\u00e2y th\u00e9p t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng d\u00e2y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e0o. D\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i c\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u00e2y th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 giao nhau c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • Khi r\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00f4n c\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            4.2 H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p theo TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                              \n
                            • Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o s\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf r\u00e3nh l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p hai b\u00ean c\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • \u0110\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n ch\u00e2n c\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ecdc b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n. M\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n ch\u00e2n c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 200.<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1eb1m ngang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u1ed1c, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n khoang h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1\/4 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a khoang.<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7m thu h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o theo TCVN 4516:1988:<\/span>\n
                                \n
                              • \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • So v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 2cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • T\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • \u0110\u1ed9 k\u1eb9p gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • C\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • Ch\u1ed7 h\u00e0n n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                5. S\u00e2n ch\u01a1i theo TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h2>\n

                                TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong> c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i:<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • N\u1ebfu trong nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo TCVN 4516:1988 theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 sau:<\/span>\n
                                    \n
                                  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • L\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • C\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t s\u00e2n.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                  • V\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ec3 thao.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                      \n
                                    • Ph\u1ea3i san b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 lu l\u00e8n t\u1eebng l\u1edbp l\u00f3t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t c\u00f3 m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2, l\u1edbp l\u00f3t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 30cm. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t c\u00f3 m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2, l\u1edbp l\u00f3t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 20cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • L\u1edbp l\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn r\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf x\u1ebfp \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn x\u1ebfp \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 7cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                    • Trong khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n ch\u01a1i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo TCVN 4516:1988 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh sau:<\/span>\n
                                        \n
                                      • L\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 50cm v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u1ecfi, x\u1ec9, \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m, g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5n c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 40mm – 70mm. N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1\/2 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 40mm v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 70mm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • \u00a0L\u1edbp trung gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 30mm v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m x\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 15 – 20mm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                      • L\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng x\u1ec9, s\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 5mm – 15mm. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1\/3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5mm (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3mm).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                          \n
                                        • L\u1edbp l\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1t theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:1, c\u00f3 m\u00f4\u0111un nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2. L\u1edbp l\u00f3t c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e8n ch\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 8cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Theo TCVN 4516:1988, s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng axit y\u1ebfu (pH=5) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 8cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u1edd ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi c\u00f4ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i, ch\u00f4n b\u00f3 v\u1ec9a l\u00e0m b\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1edd b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1edd ch\u1eafn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf tr\u00ean s\u00e2n ph\u01a1i.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                        • Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, gh\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1, t\u00e1n che n\u1eafng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang theo TCVN 4516:1988 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:<\/span>\n
                                            \n
                                          • N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 nh\u00f3m 3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          • N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p th\u00ec m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e1c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 200.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          • Ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                          • C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u thang, \u0111u quay, \u0111u treo,… ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                              \n
                                            • Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1t trong b\u1ed3n c\u00e1t cho tr\u1ebb em ch\u01a1i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              6. Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh theo TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong><\/h2>\n

                                              B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, TCVN 4516:1988<\/strong> c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • D\u1ef1a theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y xanh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y trong s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn. N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y kho\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea3i xong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, l\u00e0m xong v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 s\u00e2n b\u00e3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o v\u00e0 thu d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • Theo TCVN 4516:1988, ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • C\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u t\u1eeb 65cm – 90cm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. H\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 0,5m.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 50cm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y leo. Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y hoa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 40cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • V\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50cm khi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng cao 130cm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 5cm. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 10cm n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n c\u00e2y t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1cm. V\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 50 – 60cm.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • Ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngay sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafp th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 r\u01a1m, r\u1ea1 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c che b\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau (<\/span>tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 1<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • C\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u0111i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u00f4i v\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp tr\u1ed3ng ngay d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf n\u01a1i k\u00edn gi\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y 15cm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed1 khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t chua ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1edbp tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng s\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m\u2026 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed1 (c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 10cm).<\/span><\/li>\n
                                              • D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean TCVN 4516:1988, nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y trong m\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh:<\/span>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • C\u00f3 v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f3 trong khung c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Khi \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e2y \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ch\u1eb7t, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1, gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                • Khi \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e2y, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                • Trong khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 che \u0111\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                • Ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1edbt 30% l\u00e1 say khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xong. Che n\u1eafng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e2y m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 1 th\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • N\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y trong m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y. N\u00ean l\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 c\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo h\u1ea1t c\u1ecf, ph\u1ea3i x\u1edbi t\u01a1i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Khi gieo h\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t b\u00e9 h\u01a1n 1mm v\u1edbi c\u00e1t kh\u00f4 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:1 theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1mm th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1t kh\u00f4.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  • V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 4516:1988 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/span>\n